SPOOR

PSYCHOMOTOR BEHAVIORAL PROFILING - FORENSIC SPOOROLOGY

Ashiato Otadoru Kagaku Chishiki - Tracking Forensics

I - BEGINNING CONCEPTS

Forensic Spoorology is the scientific methodology of mantracking, developed by Hanshi, as applied to the law, the courts, by way of crime scene and site exploitation.

Humans have used traditional tracking “skills” to follow a quarry (human or animal) since the beginning of existence. Mantracking is the natural predatory hunting instinct of man. Even with this history, the sophistication of spoor (track, trackway) observation, classification, and interpretation has only recently within the last thirty years addressed the “why” of scientific enquiry as to human behavior and its influences on spoor evidence? Tracking “necessity” has decreased perceptually with the complexities of human movement patterns during the period of industrialization, but tracking “education” has increased reacquainting the professional fields of military, law enforcement, and search and rescue as to the who, what, when, and where, which is registered in any substrate (earth surface soil or vegetation) scene. This tracking education, although pervasive today, has not addressed in any sophistication the scientific processes of human behavioral influences on spoor evidence [cognitive behavioral brain-bound traits, gait sequential body-bound traits, weight convergence action-bound traits]. Thus, gait footfall sequences are encryptions that can only be exploited, analyzed, and disseminated properly by experienced trackers.

Hanshi Cunningham, our director, has designed a modeling-based representation for overall decryption of primary movement patterns and secondary movement patterns that facilitates observation, classification, and interpretation of human behavior (locomotor and psychomotor) through spoor-chain signatures.

II - SPOOR TERMINOLOGY

Every science is defined by the language it uses and this is true of tracking as well. In researching all available sources of tracking knowledge to glean the language most common to all, it became apparent that this tracking language was similar in most respects between all schools of thought except for the term “spoor,” which is used primarily by those trained through tactical and combat tracking schools. The step-by-step schools do not use this term, instead using the term track, trail, and footprint. Both schools of thought are accurate.

A general definition of the term “spoor” refers to “a track, a trail, a scent, or droppings especially of a wild animal” or “a trace by which the progress of someone or something may be followed.” In noun form, “spoor” would refer to “the trail of an animal or person, esp as discernable to the human eye.” In verb form, “spoor” would be “to track. . . . by following its trail.” The term “spoor” was first known to be used in 1823 and stems from Dutch and old English.

“Spoor,” as far as can ascertain, is the only word in the current English language that is tracking specific. The word “spoor” stands alone in use. Terms like tracking, track, sign, trail, and footprint are oft times used in other contexts like computer tracking, mail tracking, track button, track and field, street sign, trail of tears, tent footprint, footprint of a building, and others. These contexts have confused the use of the term tracking, in its original context, and therefore, require predicated terms like traditional and primitive to refer to the following of an animal or human tracks.

Tracking Forensics uses the “spoor” terminology to isolate the science of tracking (spoorology) from the ambiguity of word usage in other contexts and includes many new terms specific to the science of forensic spoorology.

III - BGS PARADIGM

The scientific community as well as science educators have used and taught about the laws of motion established by the well-known British physicist Sir Isaac Newton since they were established as scientific adages never to be questioned.

They are used as the basis for the BGS paradigm:

1. Every body (locomotor) continues in its state of rest of uniform rectilinear motion unless compelled to change its state by the action of forces (psychomotor).

2. The change of motion (register deviation anomaly) is proportional to the force acting, and takes place along the straight line along, which the force acts.

3. There is always a reaction equal and opposite to action (psychomotor); or, the actions of two bodies (locomotor and psychomotor) on each other are always equal and opposite.

Newton’s linear paradigm has continued as an important implement from, which to understand, visualize, describe, and control nature. It contains implications about the elementary symmetry of the universe in that a state of motion in a straight line must be just as natural as being at rest. Both of, which, require a force to action. It also contains the physical occurrences, which changes motion in proportion to the force applied against it. Lastly, that all forces in the universe happen in equal but oppositely directed pairs upon the body. Therefore, there are no isolated forces, in that, for every external force that acts on the bodies system there is a force of equal magnitude but opposite direction, which acts back on the bodies system, which exerted the external force. In looking at internal forces, a force on one part of bodies system will encounter by a reaction force on another part of the bodies system so that an isolated body system cannot by any means exert a net force on the bodies system as a whole. In other words, the body as a system cannot move itself into motion with purely internal forces. To achieve a net force and an acceleration, the bodies system must interact with objects external to itself to achieve linear motion.

The basic attributes of the linear paradigm are derivative of the concepts contained within the laws of motion:

1. The output actions of a linear system are directionally proportional to the input to the system. For instance, the human bodies actions (output) to move is directly equal to the force to move (input) applied through reaction. Alternatively, the power of the whole body is directly proportional to the capabilities of all the parts of the body. Therefore, external pressure from the environment changes the mind’s intent, which is gradually adjusted to compensate for the level of environmental pressure imposed on the mental will.

2. All linear actions submit to the rule of additivity. If a system is disturbed by two inputs from A and B, the outputs of both A and B when summed together are equal to the outputs of both if they were reversed as in B and A. If through human locomotion the body moves 100 steps, stops for a time, and then moves 100 more steps later, by applying linearity, the total results of those two subsequent yet separate human movement patterns is the same should the human movement initially move 200 steps with no stop. Therefore, when the human body moves through locomotion, the gait steps no matter the pattern, are sequential as in forward propulsion thus establishing the gait-footfall sequence. This human movement pattern through gait must interact with the environment by contacting the substrate through the laws of motion and through the rule of linearity, which establishes the spoor-chain signature.

3. The ratio of output of actions to input of forces must continue to be constant. Therefore, all future actions and behavior can be forecasted through the method of extrapolation. If through the output of human movement contained in the rule of additivity and established through both gait-footfall sequences and spoor-chain signatures through the input of environmental forces contained in proportionality. Then, the baseline capsulated the extrapolation forecast within all human locomotion registered in any substrate.

4. A linear system is very conclusive in nature. Given a set algorithm, which establishes a set of applicable rules makes future outcome deterministic. Therefore, just as the baseline complies with linearity. So to, does the human movement patterns for each of the human behaviors comply with linearity once they are recognized in the gait-footfall sequence and spoor-chain signature. This base and underlying assumption of linearity is fundamental to the forensic sciences.

The BGS paradigm, in its construction, identifies and coexists with the linear paradigm of, which Newton asserts. The human body will not move until a force is applied against the bodies resting state and once the body is in motion it will continue in that linear motion until affected by force. The very force applied is the internal cognition and volition of the brain to force the motion of the body to action. This expresses the minds will through motion, which produces relevant body motions including gait and the subsequent gait-footfall sequence of the spoor-chain signature.

The linear paradigm is authoritative and signifies the importance of the BGS paradigm to the OCISE algorithm. Linearity gives BGS its footing. The spoor that is registered in a substrate is the power of nature’s forces upon the human body as external forces require the body to actions, which maintain proportionality. The human body is constantly in rectilinear motion in one form or another. This movement is unique in its pattern to the trackmaker and establishes the gait-footfall sequence and its subsidiaries of movement implicating the mind, which produced the intent of the movement to gain proportionality, additivity, output to input constancy, with conclusive and deterministic extrapolations. With the BGS paradigm, and through the OCISE algorithm, human behavior identification is reliable when recognized in the spoorological context.

IV - BGS FUSION

Normal walking gait is the forward propulsion of a person that is determined by an individual’s height, weight, limb length, foot length, footwear, and personal characteristics of locomotion. Therefore, from a spoor locomotor behavioral perspective, gait is used to recognize known (OCISE) persons and to classify unknown (OCISE) persons. From a spoor psychomotor behavioral perspective, gait extends to include the head, arms, and torso (HAT). Posture of the HAT in relation to the locomotor apparatus and the mental processes that influence and determine (output of behavior) where the feet are placed as the mind processes how to move in and through an environment is also critical to human locomotion and spoor evidence and is synchronized through the eight adaptive traits (EAT).

V - OCISE ALGORITHM

The OCISE algorithm has three main sections broken down by OCISE functions. The first function relates to spoor platting (last known spoor/trackers triangle, ground contact points, and aerial travel points), the next function relates to gait platting (gait analysis, gait enablers, and gait deviation), and the final function relates to behavior platting (behavioral analysis). Within the OCISE functions there are thirteen functioning sub-parts defining spoor characteristics which isolate unique quantitative and qualitative data to individual specificity as well as reliable accuracy as to human behavior identification (HBI) registered within the spoor-chain signature (SCS). They are classification of spoor, foot measurement analysis, quadrant reference analysis, foot mapping analysis, micro class characteristics, micro identifying characteristics, spoor dynamics/footroll analysis, apex of foot arc, stride and step analysis, pitch angle analysis, trail width analysis, macro class characteristics, macro identifying characteristics, track-maker class characteristics, and innate/manifest adaptive traits.

TRACKING FORENSIC EXAMINATIONS